Leukemia and Treatment Options at BIH Centers

Leukemia, also known as blood cancer, or malignant blood disorder, is an oncological disease that causes malignant damage to the bone marrow. During this mutation process, healthy blood cells are replaced by altered cells. These unhealthy cells not only fail to perform necessary functions but also exert active pressure on other cells, including red blood cells and platelets, leading to an increase in leukemia cells. These cells become the cause of pathological changes in tissues as they circulate throughout the body via the bloodstream. This disease affects both adults and children and can manifest in acute and chronic forms.

In this article, we will discuss leukemia in more detail, its types, symptoms, and treatment options at Barcelona International Hospitals (BIH) centers.

Types of Leukemia

Leukemia is classified into several types based on the speed of its progression and the type of white blood cells involved. The main types are:

• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL),
• Acute myeloid leukemia (AML),
• Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML),
• Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Acute leukemias progress rapidly, while chronic leukemias develop more slowly. Acute forms are more common in children, whereas chronic forms are more prevalent in adults.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) differs from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the type of cells from which the disease develops. ALL originates in cells that normally develop into lymphocytes, while AML originates in cells that normally develop into neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, and monocytes.

In the disease process, malignant cells completely fill the bone marrow, preventing the development of normal blood cells. They suppress their function, leading to insufficient numbers and negatively affecting other organs.

Symptoms of Leukemia

The symptoms of leukemia can develop differently depending on the presenting signs and the speed of disease progression. Often, these symptoms can be mistaken for a common cold or fatigue. However, it is crucial to consult a doctor if one or more symptoms are observed, as timely diagnosis and treatment can impact the course of the disease and even the patient’s recovery.

Symptoms are categorized into three types:

• Anemia-related symptoms (low red blood cell count):
• Weakness and fatigue
• Shortness of breath with exertion
• Paleness of skin and mucous membranes
• Leukopenia or immune system impairment symptoms:
• Frequent infections (e.g., colds, stomatitis, tonsillitis)
• Persistent fever without apparent cause
• Prolonged or unusual course of infections
• Thrombocytopenia symptoms:
• Bleeding gums
• Frequent nosebleeds
• Easy bruising (hematomas)
• Petechiae (small red or purple spots) on the skin

Innovative Leukemia Treatments at Barcelona International Hospitals Centers

Barcelona has become a global leader in treating complex diseases, offering patients a multidisciplinary approach that combines professionalism with advanced technologies. Our hospitals actively conduct research to identify new treatment methods, aiming to provide the most appropriate approach for treating leukemia and other diseases.

For instance, significant advancements have been made in treating acute leukemia using CAR T-cell therapy, which is actively applied in our clinics for both adults and children.

Centro Médico Teknon: Leukemia in Adults

One of the BIH centers is the Teknon Medical Center, which, thanks to its oncology team’s experience and state-of-the-art medical equipment, offers a comprehensive and individualized approach to diagnosing and treating oncological diseases—from initial symptoms to full disease control. Here, patients with leukemia or other oncological conditions receive treatment from highly qualified specialists in various fields involved in cancer diagnosis and treatment. All cases are reviewed in weekly multidisciplinary meetings, where optimal decisions are made for each patient.

SJD Barcelona Children’s Hospital: Leukemia in Children

When it comes to treating childhood leukemia abroad, the SJD Barcelona Children’s Hospital offers a comprehensive approach to treating oncological diseases in children, including leukemia. Here, modern treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia is provided using CAR T19 therapy, which has shown excellent results among patients. This method is particularly effective in patients with relapses or resistance to standard chemotherapy. According to feedback from parents and doctors, approximately 80% of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia experience remission after CAR T therapy and report significant improvement in the child’s quality of life, as well as a chance for complete recovery.

Our centers are ready to consider each patient’s case and offer an individualized treatment plan based on the patient’s condition. Once you provide your contact details, one of our specialists will reach out to you in your native language and provide all necessary information about the treatment process, from planning your arrival to rehabilitation.

For more information about Barcelona International Hospitals and our services, please contact us!